05) Introduction to Wave Shaping: The Science Behind ORANGE CLIP 3
Introduction to Wave Shaping
Wave shaping is a process that alters the shape of an audio waveform to create tonal changes or introduce distortion. It works by applying a transfer function, which defines how input signal levels are transformed into output signal levels. This can result in subtle harmonic enhancement or aggressive distortion, depending on the curvature of the transfer function. The key to effective wave shaping is controlling this curve to achieve the desired sonic character without unwanted artifacts.
A wave shaper and a clipper are essentially the same at their core—they both alter the audio signal by applying a mathematical shaping function. This process falls somewhere between compression, distortion, and limiting. Simply put, a wave shaper modifies a signal's amplitude based on a specific mathematical equation, instantly shaping the peaks of the signal. While 'amplitude shaper' might seem like a more descriptive name, 'wave shaper' is the term that's commonly used. In essence, it slows the signal's ascent and descent by introducing gradual distortion.
The Sound of ORANGE
The ORANGE knob controls how gradual the distortion is. A softer knee applies distortion more gently, smoothing the tone and adding warmth by influencing the signal further below the clip point. In contrast, a harder knee introduces more pronounced, aggressive distortion, adding brightness and edge while primarily targeting the signal at the clip point. Even when the signal remains below the clip ceiling, the ORANGE knob shapes the tone through subtle harmonic enhancement or more dramatic dynamic shaping. This control not only reduces peaks but also refines the harmonic character of your audio while seamlessly increasing perceived loudness.
Next time, we'll dive deeper into the ORANGE knob, including how it interacts with the ceiling control and specific tips for advanced low frequency tone shaping.
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Be well,
Ryan Schwabe
Grammy-nominated and multi-platinum mixing & mastering engineer
Founder of Schwabe Digital
